透过诗词,尽识庐山真面目?

牛嵴柴夫

<p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="font-size: 22px; color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">透过诗词,尽识庐山真面目?</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;庐山,是中国名山,亦是世界名山,拥有众多的品牌称号。诸如双世遗、世界地质公园、世界吉尼斯、优秀生态旅游景区等等,并被推荐为中国唯一提名的世界遗产保护管理奖单位;</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一九八零年拍摄的电影《庐山恋》,更使得庐山成为家喻户晓的明星。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;庐山不仅风景秀丽,而且文化内涵深厚,更集教育名山、文化名山、宗教名山、政治名山于一身。从司马迁“南登庐山,观禹所疏九江”,到陶渊明、昭明太子、李白、白居易、苏轼、王安石、黄庭坚、陆游、朱熹、康有为等,共有1500多位名人登临庐山,留下4000余首诗词歌赋。若是算上普通的文人墨客所留下的丹青墨迹和篇章,则浩如烟海。</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;公元1180年,南宋理学大家朱熹重振了白鹿洞书院。并在此开创了中国讲学式教育的先河,以儒家传统的政治伦理思想为支柱,继往开来,建立了庞大的“理学”体系。使得白鹿洞书院成为中国历史上著名的四大书院之一。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;东晋惠远大师开山创立的东林寺,是佛教净土宗的祖庭。一千多年来香火長盛。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1895年起,庐山先后有英、俄、美、法等二十余国建造的别墅群,成了中外著名的避暑胜地。同时,庐山还出现了大量的外国教堂、银行、商店、学校、医院,以及市政议会等等,成为西方文化影响中国腹地的独特代表。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;庐山还是毛泽东和蒋介石两大政治领袖之所爱。从上世纪二十年代到七十年代,几乎就是中国的“夏都”,“庐山会议”成了一个专有名词。</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;第一个用诗来点赞庐山的是:中国山水诗第一人,东晋的大诗人谢灵运。他写了一首《登庐山绝顶望诸峤》全诗为:</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">山行非有期,弥远不能辍。但欲掩昏旦,遂复经圆缺。</p><p class="ql-block">扪壁窥龙池,攀枝瞰乳穴。积峡忽复启,平途俄已绝。</p><p class="ql-block">峦垅有合沓,往来无踪辙。昼夜蔽日月,冬夏共霜雪。</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;对庐山恋情最深的大诗人,当属李白,他一生中五次游历庐山,为庐山留下《庐山遥寄卢侍御虚舟》等14首诗歌,他的《望庐山瀑布》同庐山瀑布一样千古长流,在华夏大地及海外华人中家喻户晓,成为中国古代诗歌的极品。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;庐山谣寄卢侍御虚舟</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> &nbsp;&nbsp;我本楚狂人,凤歌笑孔丘。&nbsp;手持绿玉杖,朝别黄鹤楼。&nbsp;&nbsp;五岳寻仙不辞远,一生好入名山游。&nbsp;&nbsp;庐山秀出南斗傍,屏风九叠云锦张。&nbsp;&nbsp;影落明湖青黛光,金阙前开二峰长,银河倒挂三石梁。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;香炉瀑布遥相望,回崖沓嶂凌苍苍。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;翠影红霞映朝日,鸟飞不到吴天长。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;登高壮观天地间,大江茫茫去不还。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;黄云万里动风色,白波九道流雪山。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;好为庐山谣,兴因庐山发。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闲窥石镜清我心,谢公行处苍苔没。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;早服还丹无世情,琴心三叠道初成。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;遥见仙人彩云里,手把芙蓉朝玉京。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;先期汗漫九垓上,愿接卢敖游太清。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;望庐山瀑布</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;日照香炉生紫烟, 遥看瀑布挂前川。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;飞流直下三千尺, 疑是银河落九天。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;望庐山五老峰 李 白</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;庐山东南五老峰, 青天削出金芙蓉。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;九江秀色可揽结, 吾将此地巢云松。</p> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 李白的铁粉兼好友杜甫,在李白因永王李璘案而受累时,曾忆起李白在庐山读书的情景,不自禁的写下了《忆李十二白读书匡山》 诗:</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">不见李生久, 佯狂殊可哀。世人皆欲杀, 吾意独怜才。敏捷诗千首, 飘零酒一杯。 匡山读书处, 头白好归来。</h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp;此外的著名诗作还有很多,本篇撷录几首</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;王维《远公龛》</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;松路向精舍, 花龛归老僧。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;闲云揿锡杖, 落日低金绳。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;入夜翠微里, 千峰明一灯。</h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 《晚泊浔阳望香炉峰 》孟浩然</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 挂席几千里, 名山都未逢。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 泊舟浔阳郭, 始见香炉峰。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 尝读远公传, 永怀尘外踪。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 东林精舍近, 日暮空闻钟。</h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;张九龄 《湖口望庐山瀑布泉》</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">万丈红尘落,迢迢半紫氛。<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">奔流下杂树,洒落出重云。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">日照虹霓似,天清风雨闻。<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">灵山多秀色,空水共氤氲。</span></h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;《庐 山 独 夜 》元 稹</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;寒空五老雪, 斜月九江云。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 钟声知何处? 苍苍树里闻。</h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 《大林寺桃花》 白居易</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 人间四月芳菲尽, 山寺桃花始盛开。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 长恨春归无觅处, 不知转入此中来。</h3> <h3>  最富哲理的禅诗,当数苏东坡的《题西林壁》。此诗写在庐山西林寺的壁上:</h3><h3><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同。&nbsp;</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中</h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;庐山天桥景观</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 相传当年,朱元璋与陈友谅大战于鄱阳湖。朱元璋兵败,无奈逃上庐山,所带的残兵败将亦慌不择路逃到了悬崖边。脚下断谷,云雾弥漫,深不见底;后面追兵,杀声震天。在这千钧一发的危急时刻,突然天降金龙化作虹桥,朱元璋的兵马刚刚过桥脱险,便听得晴天霹雳巨响,龙飞桥断,就此留下天桥奇观。</h3> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;七律。庐山(牛嵴柴夫)</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;自古名山多蕴秀,奇情逸事醉氤氤。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;三泉飞落青莲梦,五老幽藏白客春。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;宋月唐风今尚在,禅林净土足弥珍。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;含鄱气象千般妙,雄峙苍江幻亦真:</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;注:三泉——三叠泉</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;五老——五老峰</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;青莲——李白</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;白客——白居易</p> <h3>配图来自网络,谢谢原作者!</h3>