车轮故障判别及检查方法

张学飞

<h3><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;铁路货车故障按照故障危害程度、检查修理的难易程序分为典型故</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">障、重点故障、其他故障,其中典型故障的第一条为车轮故障,车轮故障</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">包括:车轮踏面擦伤过限、车轮轮缘过限、车轮踏面凹下过限、车轮踏面</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">剥离过限、车轮踏面缺损过限、车轮踏面圆周磨耗过限、车轮轮辋辐板裂</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">损等。</span><br></h3> <h3>  车轮故障对行车危害及大,是造成车辆脱轨颠覆的巨大隐患,因此正确认识判断车轮故障是提高列车运用工作质量,保证行车安全是每名列检检车员必不可少工作技能。下面结合运用工作实际总结几点判断车轮轮缘、轮辋、辐板、踏面故障的检查判断方法。<br></h3> <p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">一、轮缘厚度磨耗超限</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">故障表征:车轮轮缘厚度明显变薄,轮缘呈梯形斜坡状,改变了轮缘</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">原有形状</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">,轮缘外侧发光发亮。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">产生原因:轮缘外侧与钢轨内侧发生冲撞和磨耗,尤其是通过道岔和</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">曲线时,磨耗更加加剧,这种磨耗是不可避免的,属于正常磨耗。由于转</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">向架车轴中心线不平行,使转向架出现梯形,使一侧轮缘与钢轨经常贴近,</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">加剧一侧轮缘的磨耗,属于非正常磨耗。车辆在固定区段、固定曲线、相</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">对固定的方向运行,轮缘长期受同样、同侧的作用力,加剧了轮缘的磨耗。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">故障危害:轮缘磨耗后,其根部变薄,强度变低,当轮对通过曲线或</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">作蛇形运动时轮缘在来自钢轨水平力的作用下,易发生轮缘缺损、根部裂</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">折,甚至会造成行车事故。同时车轮与钢轨的安全搭载量是根据轨距车轮</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">内侧距以及轮缘厚度等因素而定的,如果一侧的车轮轮缘磨耗过限,轮缘</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">与钢轨间游间将增大,减少车轮安全搭载量。轮缘过薄,通过道岔时,易</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">爬上或损坏尖轨,造成车辆脱轨、颠覆等事故。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"></h3><ul><li>检查方法:列检技术检查作业中,要认真执行一列车技术检查作业过<span style="letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">程,接车时做好蹲式检查,听车轮运行情况,作业时认真</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">确认轮缘状态。发现轮缘外侧发亮,轮缘顶部出现尖状,轮缘明显变薄,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">需使用第四种检查器进行测量,禁止臆测过限尺寸,轮缘厚度规定不小于</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">23mm,过限须扣修处理。</span><br></li></ul><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span> <h3>轮缘厚度过限故障</h3> <h3>轮缘厚度过限故障</h3> <h3>轮缘厚度过限故障</h3> <h3>二、轮缘垂直磨耗高度超限</h3><h3><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">故障表征:轮缘垂直磨耗高度超限故障表征与轮缘磨耗超限相似,轮</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">缘外侧与踏面圆弧接触的几何尺寸基本变成直角面,轮缘顶部成刀状,即</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">轮缘顶部形成锋芒,轮缘根部及外侧发光发亮,目视轮缘高度明显增加。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">产生原因:车轮轮缘垂直磨耗是在轮缘外侧垂直方向发生磨耗,使踏面与</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">轮缘不能保持原弧线形状,产生原因与轮缘磨耗过限基本相同,但其横向</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">力更大。&nbsp;</span><br></h3><h3><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><h3><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;故障危害:轮缘垂直磨耗高度超限,由于轮缘头部较基本轨低,若运</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">行中垂直磨耗面与基本轨贴紧时,轮缘顶点很可能处于尖轨上方,从而使</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">车轮通过道岔爬上尖轨,造成脱轨或轧伤尖轨事故。另一方面轮缘磨耗形</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">成锋芒后,在轮对通过道岔时,可能挤开尖轨而造成脱轨事故。同时轮缘</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">磨耗后,根部与钢轨内侧面全部接触,通过曲线时,由于轮缘与钢轨接触</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">没有弧形,增加运行阻力,同时更加加剧了磨耗,当列车通过曲线时,轮</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">缘与钢轨内侧接触发出刺耳声音。</span></h3><h3><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><h3><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;检查方法:列检技术检查作业中,要认真执行一列车技术检查作业过</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">程,接车时做好蹲式检查认真听车轮运行情况,技检时认真</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">确认轮缘状态。发现轮缘磨耗过限时,同时需使用第四种检查器进行测量</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">轮缘垂直磨耗高度是否超限(轮缘垂直磨耗限度</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">15mm</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">)。禁止臆测过限尺</span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">寸,超过限度时需进行摘车临修更换轮轴,禁止放行。</span></h3> <h3>轮缘垂直磨耗过限故障</h3> <p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">三、踏面圆</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">周磨耗超限</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">故障表征:车轮踏面存在非正常的并有一定规则的沟状圆周磨耗,车</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">轮踏面变成圆柱形与钢轨接触,破坏了车轮踏面几何形状,车轮踏面发光</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">发亮。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">产生原因:闸瓦材质不良,闸瓦中的堆积物和金属镶嵌物,将车轮踏</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">面磨成沟状划痕,破损车轮踏面几何形状。造成车轮踏面圆周磨耗过限;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">固定区段间往返运行,车轮踏面长期受同样作用力,日积月累,造成同侧</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">车轮圆周磨耗超限;定检接近到期车辆,运行里程长,易发生车轮圆周磨</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">耗超限。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">故障危害:车轮踏面圆周磨耗超限后,轮缘高度相对增加,易发生轮</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">缘与钢轨连接板螺栓接触,造成轮缘缺损。如果运行条件偶合,在通过道</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">岔时极易发生脱轨事故。车辆通过曲线时,由于踏面没有了几何形状,使</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">车轮产生滑行,加剧了车轮踏面的磨耗,影响列车运行平稳性和安全。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">检查方法:发现车轮踏面存在非正常的沟状磨耗,而且车轮踏面发光</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">发亮,需使用第四种检查器进行测量圆周磨耗是否超限,禁止臆测过限尺</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">寸,圆周磨耗限度规定</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">8mm</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">。超限时必须进行扣修更换轮轴处理。同时</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">检查闸瓦摩擦体上是否存在金属镶嵌物,存在时必须更换处理,防止随着</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">镶嵌物厚度的不断增加而加大对车轮的磨耗。</span></h3> <h3>踏面圆周磨耗过限外观状态</h3> <h3>踏面圆周磨耗过限,踏面成凹槽型</h3> <h3>踏面圆周磨耗过限,踏面碾宽故障</h3> <h3>踏面圆周磨耗过限,轮辋过限故障</h3> <h3>圆周磨耗过限,轮辋过限故障</h3> <p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">四、车轮踏面外侧及轮缘内侧缺损</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">故障表征:轮缘成锯齿形掉块,踏面边缘缺损。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">产生原因:轮缘内侧缺损主要是意外的冲击、脱线事故或车轮本身存</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">在的材质缺陷造成,也存在线路上有堆积物或轮缘与钢轨螺栓接触造成损</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">坏。踏面缺损主要是由于车轮材质原因存在夹杂、夹层,车轮在运行中产</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">生振动与钢轨接缝出接触撞击造成缺损,同时车轮在经过机械化驼峰缓行</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">器对车轮轮辋两侧夹压过程中,导致存在缺陷处崩裂,出现踏面掉块、缺</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; text-indent: 2em;">损故障。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">故障危害:踏面缺损后,安全搭载量减少,条件偶合,易发生车辆脱</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">轨事故。轮缘缺损后,车辆通过道岔时,易发生车轮啃上尖轨,导致车辆</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">脱轨事故发生。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span></h3><p style="font-family: -apple-system, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, STHeiti, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Microsoft JhengHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16.8px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 28.26px; letter-spacing: 2.11px; white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-indent: 2em !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">检查方法:列检技术作业中,加强对轮缘内侧的检查,</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">TFDS</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">动态检查</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">时加强对未遮挡处轮缘状态的检查,及时发现轮缘圆周方向有无缺损,发</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">现轮缘内侧缺损超过限度时,需扣修更换轮轴,轮缘内侧缺损限度:长度:</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">30mm</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">,宽度:</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">10mm</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">。加强列车进入检查,根据车轮振动力发现踏面缺损</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">故障,同时也可根据</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">TPDS</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">预警信息,发现踏面损伤故障,重点加强车轮</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">踏面擦伤、剥离故障是否同时存在踏面缺损故障。踏面缺损限度:相对轮</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">缘外侧至缺损部之距离</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">1508mm</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">,缺损部之长度</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">150mm</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16.95px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word;">。</span></h3> <h3>踏面缺损故障</h3> <h3>五、轮辋裂纹故障 铁路货车在运输过程中可能需要紧急制动,在紧急制动过程中,轮对承受着钢轨间的冲击振动和相互作用力,如果轮对的轮辋本身存在细小的裂纹,则很容易在外力的作用下使得车轮的轮对轮辋的裂纹处产生应力集中,导致轮辋裂纹扩大。对于轮辋裂纹如果不能及时发现并且处理,使得轮辋发展到疲劳的状态,还会使得铁路车辆在通过曲线或岔道时,因离心力的作用,轮缘受力变大,对轮辋内侧轮缘根部处造成损伤。如果车轮的裂纹在外侧轮辋上,则车辆运行过程中车轮与钢轨之间的相互作用,会导致裂纹处的踏面缺损,轮辋过限故障也可造成轮辋裂纹,缺损故障,以上情况都很容易导致车辆运输过程中出现脱轨甚至是颠覆,对铁路货物运输安全带来严重影响。<br></h3> <h3>轮辋、辐板裂纹故障</h3> <h3>辐板孔裂纹故障</h3> <h3>  六、车轮踏面剥离故障</h3><h3> 车轮踏面剥离产生的形式看,有接触疲劳剥离, 制动剥离,局部擦伤剥离,局部接触疲劳剥离4种.其 中制动剥离是指车轮踏面在闸瓦制动条件下产生的剥<span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">离现象</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">,</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">主要有</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">2</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">种表现形式</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">,</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">即踏面整圈刻度状热裂</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">纹和踏面整圈层片状剥离掉块。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;"></span></h3><h3><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;擦伤剥离是由车轮与</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">钢轨之间的强烈摩擦所致</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">,</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">主要表现为车轮踏面局部</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">擦伤及在轮轨接触应力作用下导致的剥离掉块,</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">从材料失效机理上主要可以归结为两类</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">,</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">一类是</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">由交变接触应力引起的接触疲劳损伤</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">另一类是由摩</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15.96px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-indent: 33.6px; white-space: normal;">擦热循环引起的热疲劳损伤。</span><br></h3> <h3>踏面剥离故障</h3> <h3>七、铁路货车车轮踏面擦伤的原因 车轮踏面擦伤的共性原因大致分几点:制动力过大引起的轮对抱死致使踏面滑行擦伤;制动系统故障或调整不合理引起的踏面擦伤;制动抱闸故障引起的踏面擦伤;缓解不同步引起的踏面擦伤。 1、制动力过大引起的车轮踏面擦伤 由于制动时机车司机所减压过大,闸瓦压力产生的制动力超过了轮对与钢轨间的粘着力,导致车轮滑行造成踏面擦伤。粘着系数随速度的增加而减小,列车速度低,冲击振动和轮轨间的横向和纵向的少量滑动减弱,因此粘着系数增加。 2、制动装置故障或调整不合理引起的车轮踏面擦伤 由于制动装置故障或调整不合理引起车轮踏面擦伤的因素有:基础制动部位调整存在问题、闸调器故障或调整不合理、制动缸行程不合理、空重车调整装置调整不合理、制动管泄漏。<br></h3> <h3>踏面擦伤故障</h3> <h3>踏面擦伤故障</h3> <h3>踏面擦伤故障</h3> <h3>轮对故障扣修标准</h3> <h3> 对5T系统推送(预报)的车轮踏面损伤一级车辆及运行品质不良报警车辆按照要 求100%全数进行扣修:对TPDS预警二级的车辆到达卸空后100%全数扣车;TPDS预警 三级的车辆,经鉴定损伤过限的车辆100%全数扣车,对TPDS预警三级的车辆,及临所预报的TPDS报警车辆,要反查该车运行轨迹,核查最近一个月内该车发过一、二级TPDS预报信息,未发生临修扣修的及时扣修。<br></h3>