中国古代四大巾帼英雄和四大才女

黄清海

<h1 style="text-align: center;"><b><font color="#ed2308">中国古代四大巾帼英雄</font></b></h1><h1 style="text-align: center;"><b><font color="#ed2308">四大才女</font></b></h1><p style="text-align: center; "><b>《原创习作七绝八首》(平水韵)</b></h3><h5 style="text-align: center; "><b>作者:黄清海</b></h5> <h1 style="text-align: center; "><b style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 30.6px;"><font color="#ed2308">中国古代四大巾帼英雄</font></b><br></h1><h1 style="text-align: center; ">《一》花木兰</h1><h3 style="text-align: center; "></h3><h3><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">刀光剑影女中英</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">枪刺番邦敌胆惊</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">替父从军忠烈将</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">解戎奉孝素妆琼</span></div></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center; ">《二》穆桂英</h1><h3 style="text-align: center; "></h3><h3><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">比武招亲入宋营</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">横刀跃马斩辽兵</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">征西执掌先锋印</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">大破天门女杰英</span></div></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center; ">《三》樊梨花</h1><h3 style="text-align: center; "></h3><h3><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">梨山学艺智才渊</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">挂帅平西孝圣贤</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">勋著朝歌封诰命</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">除奸斩寇祭灵先</span></div></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center; ">《四》梁红玉</h1><h3 style="text-align: center; "></h3><h3><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">红颜候女六韬精</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">镇守淮安碧水莹</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">鼓擂三通灯火引</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">黄天兀术胆寒惊</span></div></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center; "><b style="line-height: 1.8;"><font color="#ed2308">中国古代四大才女</font></b><br></h1> <h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">《五》蔡文姬</span><br></h1><h3 style="text-align: center; "></h3><h3><p style="text-align: center;">满腹经纶八斗才 精文通律抚琴台 红颜三嫁凄寒泪 悲愤诗章叹碧埃</h3></h3><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span></div><h3></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center; ">《六》李清照 </h1><h3 style="text-align: center; "></h3><h3><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">书香墨饱腹青雯</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">一剪梅词送赵君</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">凄楚撰修金石录</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">生为人杰宋朝勋</span></div></h3> <h3></h3><h1 style="text-align: center; ">《七》上官婉儿</h1><h3 style="text-align: center; "></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; ">名秀娇姿才睿女</h3><h3 style="text-align: center; ">性柔韶警拜昭容</h3><h3 style="text-align: center; ">掌颁诏命参朝事</h3><h3 style="text-align: center; ">秉独招回玉陨凶</h3><h3><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span></h3><h3></h3><p style="margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-user-select: auto; -webkit-appearance: none; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.8 !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; font-size: 17px;"></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;">《八》卓文君</span></h1><h3 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">临</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">邛琴曲凤求凰</span></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">卓</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">女当垆蜀水香</span></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">诀别书终</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">君欲</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">念</span></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">白头偕老显才芳</span></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center; "><font color="#ed2308"><b>中国古代四大巾帼英雄</b></font></h1><h1 style="text-align: center; "><font color="#ed2308"><b>花木兰</b></font></h1><h3>  花木兰,姓魏,隋代人,是河南省商丘市虞城营郭镇周庄村人。隋恭帝义宁年间,突厥犯边,木兰女扮男装,代父从军,征战疆场一十二载,屡建功勋,无人发现她是女子,回朝后,封为尚书。唐代追封为"孝烈将军",设祠纪念</h3> <h1 style="text-align: center; "><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8); line-height: 1.8;">穆桂英</b></h1><h3><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span><span style="line-height: 1.8;"> 穆</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">桂英</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">生长于</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">山东穆柯寨,寨主穆</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">羽之女,武艺高强,有勇有谋。因在阵前自招杨宗保为婿,归于宋营。在</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">抗击辽兵入侵时,她飒爽英姿,跃马横刀,与杨家诸将领一道,所向披靡,屡建战功。宗保在抗击西夏的战争中死去后,佘太君百岁挂帅,率十二寡妇征西时,她已五十岁,但她锐气不减,仍挂先锋印,一马当先,力战番将。是古代流传的巾帼英雄形象,深为群众所喜爱。民间以“穆桂英挂帅” 、“大破天门阵”等故事流传最广</span></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;"><b><font color="#ed2308"> 樊梨花</font></b></span></h1><h3><span style="line-height: 1.8;">  樊梨花是“薛家将”中的人物,寒江关关主樊洪之女,后投唐与薛丁山结为夫妇。二人智勇双全,登坛挂帅,屡立战功。</span></h3><h3><span style="line-height: 1.8;"> 后在薛家满门抄斩后,她率子薛刚杀进长安,除奸报仇。在民间传说中,她是一个富于反抗精神,武艺高强,神通广大的女英雄。</span><br></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center; "><font color="#ed2308"><b>梁红玉</b></font></h1><h3>  梁红玉(1102~1135),祖父与父亲都是武将出身,自幼随父兄练就了一身功夫。在平定方腊起义后的庆功宴上,梁红玉那飒爽英姿和不落俗媚的气质吸引了韩世忠,后终成眷属。</h3> <h3>  韩世忠、梁红玉屯兵楚州,梁红玉亲自“织蒲为屋”,挖蒲根以充军粮。由于将士同心,士气大盛,他们仅以三万军队驻淮安,金国十万雄兵始终不敢进犯南宋。</h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 1.8;">  宋</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">高宗建炎四</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">年,韩世忠和梁红玉奉命镇守京口</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">,与前来</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">侵犯的金兵在黄天荡形成对峙局</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">面。梁红玉认真</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">分析了黄天荡的地形后,心生巧计,</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">由</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">梁</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">红玉坐阵统一指挥。</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">韩世忠率领小部分宋兵,以舰引诱金兵深入黄天荡,</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">不可一世的金兵果然中计,双方在江面上激战,梁红玉冒着箭雨亲自擂响三通战鼓,指挥埋伏的宋军万箭齐发,顿时火光冲天,金兵纷纷落水,死伤无数,弃船逃命。梁红玉又以灯为引,指挥宋军乘胜追击,把金兵打得落花流水。从此,梁红玉声名大振。“梁红玉擂鼓战金山”也传为</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">佳话。</span></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center;"><font color="#ed2308"><b>中国古代四大才女</b></font></h1><h3><b> 中国古代四大才女是指蔡文姬、李清照、上官婉儿、卓文君。她们是中国赫赫有名的女子,才华横溢、德才兼备,令多少后人无比向往、敬仰这些红颜,真正揭示了一句话——谁说女子不如男!</b></h3><h1 style="text-align: center; "><font color="#ed2308"><b>蔡文姬</b></font></h1><h3><span style="line-height: 1.8;"> 蔡</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">琰,字文姬,</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">东汉陈留郡圉县人</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">(</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">今</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">河</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">南</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">开</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">封杞县),</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">汉大文学家蔡邕的女儿。</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">博</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">学多才,精通音律,</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">擅长文学、天文、数学和书法。</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">她的代表作有《胡笳十八拍》、《游民长笛》、《悲愤诗》等。</span></h3> <h3>  蔡文姬的生活经历很不寻常。在她的第一任丈夫卫仲道死<span style="line-height: 30.6px;">后</span>,在匈奴入侵的时候被捕,被迫嫁给了匈奴的左贤王,并生了两个孩子。蔡文姬很想家,但离开又舍不得孩子,常常独自落泪。十二年后,<span style="line-height: 30.6px;">曹</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">操统一北方,曹操</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">作</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">为</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">蔡</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">邕</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">的学生,用</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">重金将蔡琰赎回</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">,</span>35岁的蔡文姬在曹操的安排下,第三次嫁给了一个叫董祀的人。<span style="line-height: 30.6px;">历</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">史记载蔡琰的事迹虽不多,但“文姬归汉</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">”的故事却被广为流传。</span></h3><h3><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span></h3> <h3></h3><h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;"><b><font color="#ed2308">李清照</font></b></span></h1><h3><font color="#010101"> 李清照(1084年3月13日—约1155年),号易安居士,汉族,齐州济南人,<span style="line-height: 30.6px;">宋</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">代</span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"></span><span style="line-height: 30.6px;">女词人。 </span></font></h3><h3><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"><font color="#010101"></font></span></h3><h3></h3> <h3><font color="#010101">  李清照出生于书香门第,生活优裕,从小在良好的家庭环境中打下了文学基础。<span style="line-height: 1.8;">出嫁后与夫赵明诚共同致力于书画金石的搜集整理。金兵入侵中原时,流寓南方,境遇孤苦。所作词,前期多写其悠闲生活,后期多悲叹身世,情调感伤。她的词自辟途径,语言清丽,论词强调协律,崇尚典雅,提出词“别是一家”之说,反对以作诗文之法作词,是</span></font><span style="line-height: 30.6px;"><font color="#010101">婉约词派代表,有“千古第一才女”之称。</font></span></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center; "><font color="#ed2308"><b>上官婉儿</b></font></h1><h3> 上官婉儿(664――710.7.21),<span style="line-height: 1.8;">又称上官昭容,唐代女政治家、诗人、皇妃。陕州陕县(今属河南三门峡)人,</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">十</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">四岁时随母郑氏入内庭为婢,聪慧善文,后为武则天重用,</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">掌管宫中制诰多年,有“巾帼宰相”之名。</span></h3><h3><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 1.8;">  唐</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">中宗时,封为昭容,权势更盛,在政坛、文坛有着显要地位,从此以皇妃的身份掌管内廷与外朝的政令文告。曾建议扩大书馆,增设学士,代朝廷品评天下诗文,一时词臣多集其门,</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">《</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">全唐诗》收其遗诗三十二首。</span><br></h3><h3><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span></h3> <h3>  710年元月,临淄王李隆基起兵,为了扫平自己强权路上的障碍,采取了宁可枉杀不得漏网的态度,对韦后、安乐公主、上官婉儿及韦后亲党进行了全面彻底的清洗。聪明的上官婉儿,秉独相迎,也未求得一命,<span style="line-height: 1.8;">死时年仅四十六岁</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">。</span></h3><h3><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span></h3><h3><br><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center;"><font color="#ed2308"><b>卓文君</b></font></h1><h3>  卓文君(前175—前121),原名文后,西汉临邛<span style="line-height: 1.8;">巨商卓王孙之女,</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">姿色娇美,通音律,善鼓琴。</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">卓家乃汉代</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">巨富,拥有良田千顷,家奴八百;</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">华堂绮院,高车驷马;至于金银珠宝,古董珍玩,更是不可胜数。</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">文</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">君十六岁时嫁人,几年后丈夫过世,返娘家居住。</span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 1.8;">  卓文君丧夫后许多名流向她求婚,她却看中了能弹琴作诗的穷书生司马相如。卓文君在司马相如一曲《凤求凰》从中领会到他的才华和情感,一心相爱,并不顾家父反对随他私奔。自开酒铺当掌柜,文君当垆卖酒,相如则作打杂,不怕人讥笑。</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">后卓王孙碍于面子,</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">只好分给文君家奴一百人,钱一百万,和各种财物。文君就同相如回到成都,买田地置房屋,成为富有人家。</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">后来司马相如终于成名天下。</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">衣锦荣归,让岳父风光</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">,卓王孙献金相认。</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">司马相如的文采,卓文君之美艳,文君</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">夜奔相如的故事,流行民间,</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">传为千古佳话。</span></h3><h3><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span></h3> <h1 style="text-align: center; "><b style="line-height: 1.8;"><font color="#ed2308">【附】:卓文君诗词(二首</font></b><b style="line-height: 1.8;"><font color="#ed2308">)</font></b></h1><p style="text-align: center; "><b style="line-height: 1.8;"><font color="#ed2308">《一》</font></b></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><b>一别之后,二地相悬,</b></h3><h3><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">只说是三四月,又谁知五六年,</b></div><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">七弦琴无心抚弹,八行书无信可传,</b></div></b></h3><h3><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">九连环从中折断,</b></div><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">十里长亭我望眼欲穿,</b></div></b></h3><h3><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">百思想,千挂念,万般无奈叫丫环!</b></div><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">万语千言把郎怨,百聊无赖十倚栏干,</b></div></b></h3><h3><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">九九重阳看孤雁,</b></div><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">八月中秋月圆人不圆,</b></div></b></h3><h3><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">七月半烧香祭祖问苍天,</b></div><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">六月三伏他人摇扇我心寒,</b></div></b></h3><h3><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">五月端阳想起有情白娘子,</b></div><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">偏遇无情小许仙,</b></div></b></h3><h3><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">四月枇杷未黄我梳妆懒,</b></div><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">三月桃花又被风吹散,郎呀郎!</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="line-height: 1.8;">巴不得二一世,你为女来我为男!</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;"></span></div></b></h3> <h3 style="text-align: center; "><b><font color="#ed2308">《二》</font></b></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><b><font color="#ed2308"></font><span style="line-height: 1.8;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">春华竞芳,五色凌素,</span></b></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;"><b>琴尚在御,而新声代故!</b></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;"><b>锦水有鸳,汉宫有水,</b></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;"><b>彼物而新,嗟世之人兮,</b></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;"><b>瞀于淫而不悟!</b></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;"><b>朱弦断,</b></span><b style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">明镜缺,</span></b></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><b style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;">朝露晞,</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">芳时歇,</span></b></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><b><span style="line-height: 1.8;">白头吟</span><span style="line-height: 1.8;">,伤离别,</span></b></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;"><b>努力加餐勿念妾,</b></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: center; "><span style="line-height: 1.8;"><b>锦水汤汤,与君长。</b></span><br></h3><h3></h3> <h3>注:图片来自网络,资料来自传说故事!</h3>