<h3> 1.在复合句中做定语的从句称为定语从句，它可以用来修饰名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词后面。
</h3><div> 2.引导定语从句的词通常被称为关系词。关系词一般位于先行词与定语从句之间，且作为定语从句的一个成分。关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。
</div><div> I. 关系代词引导的定语从句
</div><div> 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
</div><div> 1)who, whom, that
</div><div> 这些词代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
</div><div> Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
</div><div> He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
</div><div> 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。例如：
</div><div> They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
</div><div> Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
</div><div> 3)which, that所代替的先行词是指物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
</div><div> A prosperity（繁荣） which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
</div><div> 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
</div><div> The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
</div><div> II. 关系副词引导的定语从句
</div><div> 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。
</div><div> 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如：
</div><div> I will never forget the day when I met her. 我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天
</div><div> Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
</div><div> Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
</div><div> III.判断关系代词与关系副词
</div><div> 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
</div><div> This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。（动词不及物，用关系副词）
</div><div> I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。（动词及物但是已经有宾语，用关系副词）
</div><div> 判断改错：
</div><div> (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
</div><div> (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
</div><div> (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
</div><div> (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
</div><div> 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
</div><div>例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
</div><div> A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
</div><div> 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
</div><div> A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
</div><div> 答案：例1 D，例2 A
</div><div> 例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
</div><div> 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
</div><div> 在句1中，所缺部分为从句宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
</div><div> 而句2中, 从句结构齐全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
</div><div> 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
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