世界传统文化研究院诠释正月十三习俗

世界传统文化研究院

大年正月十三的八大传统习俗

 

今日正月十三，那么正月十三习俗有哪些呢？正月十三习俗多，有上灯、吃汤圆、祭祀关公等习俗。快来了解一下吧

 

1、灯头生日

 

在正月十三有一项重要的民俗活动，被称为“灯头生日”。民间在这一天要在厨灶下点灯，称为“点灶灯”，其实是因为正月十五闹花灯的日子临近了，各家都试点制好的灯，才被说为“灯头”之日。南通旧时从正月十三开始上灯，正月十八落灯，有“十三、十四神看灯，十五、十六人看灯，十七、十八鬼看灯”之说，并有“上灯圆子落灯面”之举。城隍庙中看灯的人络绎不绝。

 

2、滚龙灯

繁昌荻港镇春节玩滚龙的习俗已传承了一百多年，一般为期四天。每年正月十三日为试灯，十四日为起灯，十五日为正灯，十六日为圆灯。试灯这天傍晚，六条老龙和多条滚龙首次上街。华灯初放时，龙灯开始上下穿行，四处盘旋飞舞。街道两侧，家家悬灯，各家各户焚香放炮。接着，滚龙、花蓝、故事灯、走马灯、鱼灯、狮子灯、兔子灯、蝴蝶灯、金瓜灯都上了街。这时路上各色龙灯川流不息，各样彩灯闪烁辉煌，一直要闹到三更以后，方才收灯，次日再接着玩灯，直到十六日圆灯。

  3、扎彩灯

正月十五闹花灯，一般要从正月十三扎彩灯开始。老北京的年禧歌谣有“十一嚷喳喳，十二搭灯棚，十三人开灯，十四灯正明……”也就是说，正月十三日为“上灯”；十四日为“试灯”；十五日为“正灯”；十七日为“罢灯”。从正月十三这天起，人们就开始张灯结彩扎彩灯啦！

 

4、吃汤圆

 

“上灯圆子落灯面，正月十五过小年。”是扬州人的又一旧习俗。正月十三晚上全家吃汤圆，寓意“圆圆满满”。其实孩子们的心早已飞向大街，三扒两咽，把碗一推，就一溜烟地三五成群地急着跑到街上去看花灯了。

 

5、祭祀关公

在西安长安区农村有这样一种习俗，每年正月十三这天，要祭祀关公。而祭祀关公所用的一种叫“添碟子”的贡品您见过吗？一粒粒饱满的大黄豆被排成一溜溜屋檐，各种彩色的豆子、瓜子、桃仁被竹棍嵌接，一层层码在由几个碟子驾起来的造型上，最后形成了一座座精巧的亭台楼阁，这就是长安区独具特色的民间手工艺品“添碟子”。

 

6、做“圣虫”

 

“不过十五未出年门。”正月十三，在即墨农村有制作“圣虫”的习俗，这一天，村里的妇女们三五家凑在一起，一起和面、裁剪、雕刻、蒸煮，作春节的最后一“忙”，迎接元宵节，一个个惟妙惟肖栩栩如生的“圣虫”便在这些扛得锄头摸得铁锨的巧手下出炉。

 

7、祭海

农历正月十三，相传这一天是海龙王的生日，每年的这一天，渔民都会举办形式多样的祭海活动，祈盼全年风调雨顺，渔业丰收。按照传统习俗，供桌上早已摆好了祭品，有猪头、鲤鱼、大馒头等。供桌前，人们焚香化纸，纷纷朝向大海行叩拜礼，震耳的鞭炮声响彻天地，璀璨的烟花更寄托了人们对新一年的美好期盼。

 

8、放海灯

 

正月十三放海灯，是我国渔民的传统习俗，据庄河民间传说正月十三是海神娘娘生日，在南方有的地区还有七月十五和三月二十三的不同说法。当地渔民和村民沿袭着传统习俗，在岸上摆设祭品，点燃烟花爆竹，把制作精美写满祝福的船灯放入大海，祈求一帆风顺幸福平安。

Eight traditional customs on the 13th day of the first lunar month of the Chinese New Year

 Today is the 13th day of the first lunar month. What are the customs of the 13th day of the first lunar month? There are many customs on the 13th day of the first month, such as lighting, eating glutinous rice balls and offering sacrifices to Guan Gong. Come and find out

 1, lamp birthday

On the 13th day of the first month there is an important folk activity called "Dengtou Birthday". On this day, people light lanterns under the kitchen stoves, which is called "Dianzao Deng". In fact, the day of making lanterns on the 15th day of the first lunar month is approaching. Families try to make lanterns, so it is called "Dengtou" day. Nantong used to start from the 13th day of the first month on the lights, the 18th day of the lights, there are "13, 14 God to see the lights, 15, 16 people to see the lights, 17, 18 ghost to see the lights" said, and there are "lights round the light surface". City God's Temple to see the light of the people in an endless stream.

 2, roll the dragon lantern

The custom of playing Dragon Roll during Spring Festival in Fanchang Digang Town has been passed down for more than 100 years. It usually lasts for four days. Every year, the 13th day of the first lunar month is for the test lamp, the 14th is for the lighting, the 15th is for the upright lamp, and the 16th is for the round lamp. This evening, six old dragons and a number of rolling dragons took to the streets for the first time. When the lights were first put on, the dragon lanterns began to move up and down and hover around. On both sides of the street, lights were hung, incense was burned and firecrackers were fired. Then, rolling dragon, flower blue, story light, horse light, fish light, lion light, rabbit light, butterfly light, golden melon light on the street. At this time on the road colorful dragon lights flow ceaselessly, all kinds of colorful lights flashing brilliant, has to make until the night watch, just closed the lights, the next day and then play lights, until the 16th round lights.

3, tie the lights

The fifteenth day of the first lunar month lanterns, generally from the thirteenth day of the lanterns began. The jubilee ballad of old Beijing has "Eleven chirp, twelve build a lantern shed, thirteen turn on the lights, the fourteen lights are bright..." That is to say, the 13th day of the first month for the "lantern"; 14 for the "test lamp"; 15 for the "positive light"; The seventeenth is the "light strike". On the thirteenth day of the first lunar month, people begin to decorate lanterns and decorate lanterns.

 4. Eat glutinous rice balls

"Lantern round off the light surface, the fifteenth day of the first lunar year." Yangzhou is another old custom. On the evening of the 13th lunar month, the whole family eats tangyuan, which symbolizes "completeness". In fact, the children's heart has already flown to the street, three pick up two pharynx, push the bowl, and then rushed to the street in groups to see the lanterns.

 5. Sacrifice Guan Gong

In the countryside of Chang 'an District, Xi 'an, there is a custom of offering sacrifices to Guan Gong on the 13th day of the first lunar month every year. Have you ever seen a kind of tribute called "adding plates" used for offering sacrifices to Guan Gong? Full of big soybeans are arranged in a row of eaves, a variety of colorful beans, melon seeds, peach kernel are inlaid with bamboo sticks, a layer of code by several plate drive up the shape, finally formed a number of exquisite pavilions, platforms, pavilions, which is the unique folk handicraft of Chang 'an District "Tian Dazi".

 6. Be a holy worm

"Only fifteen years ago." On the 13th, in rural cieme have the custom of making "the worm", on this day, the women of the village five together, and together, cutting, carving, cooking, as the end of the Spring Festival "busy", the Lantern Festival, one lifelike lifelike "the worm" in these carry out under very hoe to touch a shovel's hand.

7, the sea

It is said that the 13th day of the first lunar month is the birthday of the Sea Dragon King. On this day every year, fishermen hold various kinds of activities to worship the sea, hoping for good weather and a good harvest. According to traditional customs, offerings have been set on the altar, including pig heads, carp, large steamed buns and so on. In front of the altar, people burn incense and paper and bow to the sea. The sound of firecrackers reverberates from heaven and earth. The bright fireworks show people's good expectations for the New Year.

 8, put the sea lights

According to the folklore of Zhuanghe River, the 13th day of the first month is the birthday of the Sea Goddess. In some areas of the south, there are different sayings of July 15 and March 23. Following the traditional custom, local fishermen and villagers set up offerings on the shore, light fireworks, and put beautifully made boat lamps filled with blessings into the sea, praying for smooth sailing, happiness and peace.